ADHD, HOW IT AFFECT ADULTS
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is
not limited to children -- 30% to 70% of kids with ADHD continue having
symptoms when they grow up. In addition, people who were never diagnosed as
kids may develop more obvious symptoms in adulthood, causing trouble on the job
or in relationships. Many adults don’t realize they have ADHD, leaving them
mystified about why their goals seem to slip out of reach.
Signs of Adult ADHD: Running Late
ADHD in adults follows a slightly different pattern
than in children. Adults may be chronically late for work or important events.
Adults may realize that their tardiness is undermining their goals, but they
just can't seem to be on time.
Signs of Adult ADHD: Risky DrivingOne of the hallmarks of ADHD is difficulty
keeping your mind on the task at hand. That spells trouble for teens and adults
when they're behind the wheel of a vehicle. Studies show that people with ADHD
are more likely to speed, have accidents, and lose their drivers' licenses.
Signs of Adult ADHD: DistractionAdults with ADHD may have trouble
prioritizing, starting, and finishing tasks. They tend to be disorganized,
restless, and easily distracted. Some people with ADHD have trouble
concentrating while reading. The inability to stay focused and follow through
on tasks can derail careers, ambitions, and relationships.
Signs of Adult ADHD: OutburstsAdults with ADHD may have problems with
self-control. This can lead to:
Difficulty controlling anger
Impulsive behaviors
Blurting out rude or insulting thoughts
Signs of Adult ADHD: HyperfocusSome adults with ADHD can focus intently on
things they enjoy or find interesting -- the ability to hyperfocus. But they
struggle to pay attention to tasks that bore them. The trouble is that many
tasks necessary for success in everyday life are dull, from making a grocery
list to filing documents at work. People with ADHD tend to put off boring tasks
in favor of more enjoyable activities.
Multitasking or ADHD?It may seem like everyone has ADHD these days,
as we respond to text messages, email, calls, and fast-paced work environments.
While all of this can be distracting, most people manage to focus on important
responsibilities. In people with ADHD, distractions interfere with the
completion of vital tasks at home and at work.
ADHD or Something Else?If you are often restless and have trouble
concentrating, don't jump to the conclusion that you have ADHD. These symptoms
are also common in other conditions. Poor concentration is a classic sign of
depression. Restlessness or anxiety could indicate an overactive thyroid or
anxiety disorder. Your health care provider will investigate whether these
conditions could be causing your symptoms instead of -- or in addition to --
ADHD
What Causes ADHD?In people with ADHD, brain chemicals called
neurotransmitters are less active in areas of the brain that control attention.
Researchers don't know exactly what causes this chemical imbalance, but they
think genes may play a role, because ADHD often runs in families. Studies have
also linked ADHD to prenatal exposure to cigarettes and alcohol.
An Evolutionary Advantage?One genetic variation that causes ADHD-like
traits is more common in the world's nomadic peoples. Researchers think that
traits such as impulsive behavior, novelty-seeking, and unpredictability might
help nomads track down food and other resources. So the same qualities that
make it challenging to excel at a desk job may have been an advantage to
nomadic ancestors.
Diagnosing ADHD in AdultsMany adults don’t learn that they have ADHD
until they get help for another problem, such as anxiety or depression. Discussing
poor habits, troubles at work, or marital conflicts often reveals that ADHD is
at fault. To confirm the diagnosis, the disorder must have been present during
childhood, even if it was never diagnosed. Old report cards or talking with
relatives can document childhood problems, such as poor focus and
hyperactivity.
Testing for ADHDDuring an evaluation for ADHD, some mental
health professionals use neuropsychological tests. These can include timed,
computer-based tests that measure attention and problem-solving skills.
Neuropsychological testing is not needed to make a diagnosis, but it can shed
light on how ADHD affects a person's daily life. It can also uncover coexisting
conditions, such as learning disabilities.
Complications of Adult ADHDCoping with the symptoms of adult ADHD can be
frustrating in itself. At the same time, many adults with ADHD struggle with
depression, anxiety, or obsessive compulsive disorder. They’re also more likely
to smoke or abuse drugs. People with ADHD can limit these problems by seeking
proper treatment.
Medications for ADHDThe most common medicines for ADHD are
stimulants. It may seem ironic that people who are restless or hyperactive get
help from stimulants. But there is good evidence that these drugs sharpen concentration
by correcting an imbalance of brain chemicals. If stimulants aren't sufficient,
your doctor may prescribe an antidepressant to stabilize mood or a selective
norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, such as atomoxetine, which can help control
impulsive behaviors.
How Effective Are ADHD Drugs?
There have been far fewer studies of ADHD
drugs in adults than in children, but the research to date is promising.
Studies have consistently shown adults taking stimulants have fewer ADHD
symptoms. The benefits kick in within 30 minutes of the first dose and can last
all day in the case of controlled-release medications
Counseling for ADHD
Most adults with ADHD improve when they start
medication, but they may continue to struggle with poor habits and low self-esteem.
Counseling for ADHD focuses on getting organized, setting helpful routines,
repairing relationships, and improving social skills. There is evidence that
cognitive-behavioral therapy is particularly helpful in managing problems of
daily life that are associated with ADHD.
Adult ADHD on the JobHolding down a job can be tough for people
with ADHD. They often have trouble breaking down tasks and following
directions, staying organized, and making deadlines. They’re also prone to
tardiness and careless mistakes. In one national survey, only half of adults
with ADHD were employed full time, compared to 72% of adults without the
disorder. People with ADHD also tend to earn less than their peers
Careers for Adults with ADHDThere's not much research yet into the
careers where people with ADHD are likely to thrive. But ADHD expert Russell A.
Barkely, MD, reports that his patients have excelled in sales, acting, the
military, photography, athletic coaching, and many trade professions. Having
ADHD does not prevent you from pursuing any career that interests you.
Job Coaching for ADHDPeople with ADHD may be able to boost their
job performance with coaching or mentoring. The mentor will help with
organization skills, such as taking notes, keeping a daily planner and
prioritizing a to-do list. A quiet workspace with few distractions may help.
ADHD is a disability under the Americans with Disabilities Act. This means
employers must make adjustments to support a worker’s needs.
Adult ADHD and MarriageADHD can sabotage marriage and other
relationships. The condition makes it difficult to remember social commitments,
birthdays, or anniversaries, finish household chores, and pay bills on time.
Adults with ADHD may lose their tempers easily or engage in reckless behavior.
This leads to higher rates of separation and divorce.
Life Coaching for ADHDLike having a mentor in the workplace, some
people with ADHD benefit from having a coach for everyday life. Coaching is
generally a supplement to more formal psychological counseling. The mentor
helps the patient put newly learned skills into practice in real-life
situations, whether organizing the home or planning a trip.
Organizational Skills for ADHDSmart phone "organizer" apps can be
especially useful for people with ADHD. Use an app to create a new to-do list
every night, and you'll always have it with you on your phone. Keep your list
organized by using four categories: calls, emails, tasks, and errands. Other
apps can help you keep your schedule up to date, so you won't miss important
events.
Diet Tips for Adults with ADHDSome experts believe foods that provide
quality brain fuel could reduce symptoms of ADHD. High-protein foods, including
nuts, meat, beans, and eggs, may improve concentration. Replacing simple carbs
with complex carbs, like whole-grain pasta or brown rice, can help ward off
mood swings and stabilize energy levels.
Does Sugar Worsen ADHDThe idea that sugar makes people hyperactive
is popular, but there is no evidence that sweets cause ADHD or make its
symptoms worse. Research in children indicates switching to a sugar substitute,
such as aspartame, does not reduce symptoms of ADHD.
Outlook for Adults With ADHDAdults with ADHD don’t outgrow the condition,
but many learn to manage it successfully. Long-term treatment can reduce
problems at home and at work, bringing patients closer to their families and
their professional goals.
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